Curr Biol：分散注意力可有效减缓疼痛感

近日，刊登在全球性享有盛誉新闻周刊Cell的子刊Current Biology上的一篇研究者报告指出，利用心理减缓（分心）的步骤可以使得咳嗽大大降较低，然而这种咳嗽缓解大大降较低的物理现象并不表现在头部。这项研究者推断出是基于用作高分辨率的骨髓功能性超声显微电子技术（fMRI电子技术），对人们由于高温造成了的咳嗽水平来进行研究者，研究者探究，心理减缓确实可以在中枢咳嗽处理早期减缓咳嗽信号的传入。来自汉堡-埃敏多夫大学医学院的人类学家Christian Sprenger说明，这种现象并也许是一种心理现象，而是一种热衷于的神经系统，可以降较低从静脉持续上升至中枢神经系统高级区域的咳嗽信号。

这种物理现象就其到了人体内的甘油，这种有机物产生自中枢神经系统，在大大降较低咳嗽的过程中充当重要脚色。研究者电子技术人员让旁观者分别已完成一个比较简单或者一个极难的记忆性目标，需要他们记住纸条的象形文字内容，同时给旁观者胳膊上施以高温。来进行极难目标的旁观者变得心烦意乱时，他们会沮丧较小的咳嗽，通过fMRI电子技术反映出这些旁观者的静脉区域活性变得相对较低，fMRI通常是用来测定中枢神经系统活性的扭曲。

Sprenger和他的朋友然后重复了实验，这次他们给予旁观者一种用药-钠洛酮（抗休克的理想用药，可以阻挡类用药的物理现象）或者都可的玉井流向，结果显示，相比只流向都可玉井的旁观者，用作类用药拮抗剂的旁观者由于安全感充分利用，造成了的咳嗽缓解降较低了40%，因此表明人体内的充当重要主导作用。

人类学家的推断出探究了心理过程可以深入地扭曲人们的咳嗽经历，并且对于临床也有极其重要的意义。人类学家说明，我们的研究者推断出给咳嗽疾病用药提供了认知行为用药的步骤。（生物谷：T.Shen解释器）

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.04.006PMC:PMID:

Attention Modulates Spinal Cord Responses to Pain

Christian Sprenger1, , , Falk Eippert1, Jürgen Finsterbusch1, Ulrike Bingel1, 2, Michael Rose1, Christian Büchel1

Reduced pain perception while being distracted from pain is an everyday example of how cognitive processes can interfere with pain perception [ [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5]]. Previous neuroimaging studies showed distraction-related modulations of pain-driven activations in various cortical and subcortical brain regions [ [6], [7], [8], [9], [10] and [11]], but the precise neuronal mechanism underlying this phenomenon is unclear. Using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human cervical spinal cord in combination with thermal pain stimulation and a well-established working memory task [12], we demonstrate that this phenomenon relies on an inhibition of incoming pain signals in the spinal cord. Neuronal responses to painful stimulation in the dorsal horn of the corresponding spinal segment were significantly reduced under high working memory load compared to low working memory load. At the individual level, reductions of neuronal responses in the spinal cord predicted behioral pain reductions. In a subsequent behioral experiment, using the opioid antagonist naloxone in a double-blind crossover design with the same paradigm, we demonstrate a substantial contribution of endogenous opioids to this mechanism. Taken together, our results show that the reduced pain experience during mental distraction is related to a spinal process and involves opioid neurotransmission.